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A router will forward data between different networks. A common example is directing traffic from a local network (such as your home or office network) onto the Internet.
They are two different networks, and the router will direct traffic between the two networks.
You will need a router to connect your netwok to the Internet.
You may use a switch to connect many computers and devices onto the same network.
From WikiPedia, a router has been described as follows:
When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination.
Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it gets to its destination node.
The most familiar type of routers are home and small office routers that simply pass data, such as web pages and email, between the home computers and the owner's cable or DSL modem, which connects to the Internet through an ISP. However more sophisticated routers range from enterprise routers, which connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.
